/* A5S Async v1 research note. Uses styles.css for the site header, footer, fonts and colour tokens; nothing else. */

.note {
  --accent: #4c3a91;
  --accent-soft: rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.07);
  --viz-us: #4c3a91;
  --viz-other: #aeaba1;
  --viz-other-line: #bdbab0;
  --viz-grid: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.08);
  --viz-del: #eb6834;
  --viz-sub: #1baf7a;
  --viz-ins: #2a78d6;
  --wrap: 1120px;
  --text: 720px;
}

.wrap {
  width: min(var(--wrap), calc(100% - 64px));
  margin-inline: auto;
}

/* Reset with zero specificity, so every spacing rule below wins. */
:where(.note) :where(p, h1, h2, h3, h4, figure) {
  margin: 0;
}

.note a {
  text-decoration-color: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.35);
}

/* ---------- splash: title row, chart filling the screen, headline numbers ---------- */
.splash {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: calc(100svh - 70px);
  min-height: 600px;
  max-height: 1080px;
  padding: 2px 0 clamp(24px, 4vh, 44px);   /* breathing room below the callouts */
}

.eyebrow {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.splash-title {
  display: block;
  text-align: center;
}

.splash h1 {
  margin-top: 6px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.3vw, 48px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.08;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.tagline {
  max-width: 440px;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.5vw, 22px);
  letter-spacing: -0.012em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.hero-chart {
  --paper: #ebe5d7;   /* labels' halo and dot rings match the panel */
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-self: center;            /* wider than the text column, centred on it */
  width: max(100%, min(1380px, calc(100vw - 180px)));
  min-height: 0;
  margin-top: clamp(10px, 1.8vh, 22px);
  padding: 14px 26px 10px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(120% 90% at 0% 100%, rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.06), transparent 60%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #eee8db 0%, #e8e1d1 100%);
}

.hero-chart-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px 24px;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding-bottom: 6px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.hero-chart-head strong {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 21px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.hero-chart-head span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.hero-chart .viz {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-height: 0;
  margin-top: 6px;
}

/* ---------- headline numbers (bottom of the splash) ---------- */
.numbers {
  display: grid;
  flex: none;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  align-self: center;            /* same width as the chart panel above */
  width: max(100%, min(1380px, calc(100vw - 180px)));
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.numbers > div {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 16px 24px 8px 0;
}

.numbers > div + div {
  padding-left: 20px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.numbers strong {
  flex: none;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3.4vw, 50px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.numbers span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: clamp(14px, 1.12vw, 16px);
  line-height: 1.35;
}

/* ---------- intro ---------- */
.intro {
  margin-top: 64px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(18px, 1.4vw, 20px);
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.intro .intro-headline {
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2vw, 28px);
  letter-spacing: -0.015em;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.intro p + p {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

/* Large monitors (the splash stops growing at 1080 px tall): each callout stacks its number over its label,
   centred in its half, and the intro follows closer. Laptops never match this. */
@media (min-width: 1560px) and (min-height: 1150px) {
  .numbers {
    margin-top: 40px;
  }

  .numbers > div,
  .numbers > div + div {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 12px 40px 4px;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .numbers strong {
    font-size: 64px;
  }

  .numbers span {
    max-width: 420px;
    font-size: 18px;
    text-wrap: balance;
  }

  .intro {
    margin-top: 0;   /* the intro's own top padding is gap enough */
  }
}

.links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 28px;
  font-family: var(--sans);
}

.links a {
  padding: 8px 15px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 13px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.links a:hover {
  border-color: var(--ink);
}

.links a.is-primary {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

.links-gap {
  flex: 1 1 24px;
}

/* ---------- sections ---------- */
.block {
  margin-top: 80px;
  padding-top: 28px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.block > .eyebrow {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.block h2 {
  max-width: none;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.lead {
  margin-top: 18px;
  color: #3b3a35;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.lead + .lead {
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.block h3 {
  margin-top: 72px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(22px, 2vw, 27px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.block h2 + .lead {        /* a section's intro: one step above the subsections' body text */
  margin-top: 16px;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.block h2 + .lead + h3 {   /* first subsection right after a section's intro */
  margin-top: 56px;
}

.block h3 + .lead {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

/* ---------- figures ---------- */
.fig {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.fig-head {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px 24px;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.fig-head strong {
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.fig-head span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

/* two figures side by side (stacked on small screens) */
.fig-pair {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 48px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.fig-pair > .fig {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.fig-pair .fig-head {        /* title and subtitle on their own lines, so both rules sit at the same height */
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 3px;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .fig-pair {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 36px;
  }
}

.fig figcaption {
  display: block;
  padding-top: 0;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.fig-media {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #fff;
}

.fig-media video,
.fig-media img {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

.facts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.facts div {
  padding: 14px 16px 14px 0;
}

.facts div + div {
  padding-left: 16px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.facts strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 24px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.facts span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.stat-cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.stat-cards > div {
  padding: 20px 22px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
}

.stat-cards strong {
  display: block;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 3vw, 42px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
  line-height: 1;
}

.stat-cards span {
  display: block;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.small-note {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

/* ---------- disclosures and tables ---------- */
.more {
  margin-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}

.more + .more {
  margin-top: -1px;
}

.more summary {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 13px 0;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  list-style: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.more summary::-webkit-details-marker {
  display: none;
}

.more summary::after {
  content: "+";
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 400;
}

.more[open] summary::after {
  content: "−";
}

.more > div {
  padding: 4px 0 22px;
}

.more p {
  color: #3b3a35;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.more p + p,
.more .table-scroll + p,
.more p + .table-scroll {
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.more p.small-note {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.table-scroll {
  overflow-x: auto;
}

.table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.table th,
.table td {
  padding: 9px 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.table th:first-child,
.table td:first-child {
  padding-left: 0;
  text-align: left;
}

.table.text-table td,
.table.text-table th {
  text-align: left;
  white-space: normal;
}

.table th {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  vertical-align: bottom;
}

.table th small {
  display: block;
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  text-transform: none;
}

.table tr.is-us td {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.table td.is-best {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.table td.is-split::after {
  content: "†";
  color: var(--muted);
}

.table td.is-pending {
  color: var(--muted);
}

/* ---------- method cards ---------- */
.cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.cards > div {
  padding: 20px 22px 22px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.cards h4 {
  margin: 0 0 8px;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 400;
}

.cards p {
  color: #3b3a35;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

/* ---------- call to action ---------- */
.cta {
  margin-top: 136px;
  padding: clamp(32px, 5vw, 56px);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}

.cta h2 {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: clamp(30px, 3.2vw, 44px);
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.03em;
}

.cta p {
  max-width: 600px;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
  font-size: 16px;
}

.cta .links a {
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
  color: #fff;
}

.cta .links a.is-primary {
  border-color: #fff;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--accent);
}

.cta-tracks {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  margin-top: 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
}

.cta-tracks > div {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding-top: 26px;
}

.cta-tracks > div + div {
  padding-left: clamp(24px, 4vw, 48px);
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
}

.cta-tracks > div:first-child {
  padding-right: clamp(24px, 4vw, 48px);
}

.cta-tracks h3 {
  font-family: var(--sans);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.cta-tracks p {
  max-width: 440px;
}

.cta-tracks .links {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 22px;
}

.cta .cta-partner {
  max-width: none;
  margin-top: 34px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
  font-size: 14px;
}

.cta-partner a {
  color: #fff;
}

.sources {
  margin-top: 96px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.sources ol {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  padding-left: 18px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

/* ---------- charts ---------- */
.viz {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 60px;
}

.viz svg {
  display: block;
  overflow: visible;
  font-family: var(--sans);
}

.viz-legend {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 6px 18px;
  margin: 0 0 6px;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  list-style: none;
}

.viz-legend li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 7px;
}

.viz-legend i {
  display: inline-block;
  width: 14px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.viz-legend .key-line {
  height: 2px;
}

.viz-legend .key-dot {
  width: 10px;
  height: 10px;
  border-radius: 50%;
}

.viz-grid line {
  stroke: var(--viz-grid);
  stroke-width: 1;
}

.viz-grid line.is-zero {
  stroke: var(--muted);
}

.viz-axis {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-axis-title {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.viz-label {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.viz-label.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.viz-sub {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.viz-value {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-value.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
}

.viz-bar {
  fill: var(--viz-other);
}

.viz-bar-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
}

.viz-overflow {
  fill: var(--paper);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.viz-hit {
  fill: transparent;
  stroke: none;
}

.viz-row:hover .viz-bar,
.viz-row:focus .viz-bar,
.viz-col:hover .viz-bar,
.viz-col:focus .viz-bar {
  fill: #8f8c82;
}

.viz-row:focus,
.viz-col:focus,
.viz-dotrow:focus,
.viz-pt:focus {
  outline: none;
}

.viz-row:focus-visible .viz-hit,
.viz-col:focus-visible .viz-hit,
.viz-dotrow:focus-visible .viz-hit {
  fill: var(--accent-soft);
}

.viz-rowline {
  stroke: var(--viz-grid);
  stroke-width: 1;
}

.viz-dot {
  fill: var(--viz-other);
  stroke: var(--paper);
  stroke-width: 2;
}

.viz-dot-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  stroke: var(--paper);
  stroke-width: 2;
}

.viz-cap {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--viz-other);
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.viz-dot-label {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-dot-label.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.viz-dotrow:hover .viz-hit {
  fill: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.025);
}

.viz-line {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--viz-other-line);
  stroke-width: 1.5;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.viz-line-us {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--viz-us);
  stroke-width: 2.5;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.viz-end-label {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-end-label.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.viz-crosshair {
  stroke: var(--ink);
  stroke-width: 1;
  stroke-dasharray: 2 3;
  opacity: 0;
}

.viz-crosshair.is-visible {
  opacity: 0.5;
}

.viz-frontier {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--viz-us);
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
  opacity: 0.45;
}

.viz-better-wash-in {
  stop-color: var(--viz-us);
  stop-opacity: 0.12;
}

.viz-better-wash-out {
  stop-color: var(--viz-us);
  stop-opacity: 0;
}

.viz-better-head {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.viz-pt-label {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.viz-pt-label.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.viz-pt-detail {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-better {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-style: italic;
}

/* hero columns */
.viz-col-value,
.viz-bracket-label,
.viz-bracket-sub {
  paint-order: stroke;
  stroke: var(--paper);
  stroke-width: 4px;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.viz-col-value {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-col-value.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
}

.viz-col-value.is-inside {
  fill: #fff;
  stroke: none;
}

.viz-col-creator {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 10px;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.viz-col-model {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.viz-col-model.is-us,
.viz-col-creator.is-us {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.viz-bracket {
  fill: none;
  stroke: var(--viz-us);
  stroke-width: 1.25;
}

.viz-bracket-label {
  fill: var(--viz-us);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 22px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.viz-bracket-sub {
  fill: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
}

.viz-tooltip {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 50;
  min-width: 190px;
  max-width: 320px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: #fbfaf6;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 24px rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.12);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.45;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 80ms ease;
}

.viz-tooltip.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
}

.viz-tooltip-title {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.viz-tooltip-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 8px;
}

.viz-tooltip-row strong {
  min-width: 52px;
  font-weight: 500;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.viz-tooltip-row.is-us strong,
.viz-tooltip-row.is-us span {
  color: var(--viz-us);
}

.viz-tooltip-key {
  flex: none;
  align-self: center;
  width: 10px;
  height: 3px;
  border-radius: 1px;
}

.viz-pending {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  min-height: 200px;
  border: 1px dashed var(--rule);
  border-radius: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-align: center;
}

.viz-pending span {
  max-width: 340px;
  padding: 16px;
}

/* Smaller laptops: keep each callout to two lines. */
@media (max-width: 1360px) {
  .numbers > div {
    gap: 12px;
    padding-right: 16px;
  }

  .numbers > div + div {
    padding-left: 16px;
  }

  .numbers strong {
    font-size: min(3.4vw, 40px);
  }
}

/* ---------- small screens ---------- */
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .numbers,
  .facts {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .numbers > div:nth-child(3),
  .facts div:nth-child(3) {
    padding-left: 0;
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .numbers > div:nth-child(n + 3),
  .facts div:nth-child(n + 3) {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .stat-cards,
  .cards {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .wrap {
    width: calc(100% - 32px);
  }

  .numbers {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .numbers > div,
  .numbers > div + div {
    padding: 18px 0;
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .numbers > div + div {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }

  .block,
  .cta {
    margin-top: 64px;
  }

  .cta-tracks {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .cta-tracks > div + div {
    margin-top: 28px;
    padding-left: 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    border-left: 0;
  }

  .cta-tracks > div:first-child {
    padding-right: 0;
  }

  .links-gap {
    flex-basis: 100%;
    height: 0;
  }

  .splash {
    height: auto;
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .hero-chart,
  .numbers {
    align-self: stretch;
    width: auto;
  }

  .hero-chart .viz {
    flex: none;
  }

  .tagline {
    padding-bottom: 0;
  }
}

/* ---------- draft-only markers (remove before publishing) ---------- */
.todo {
  padding: 1px 6px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: #fff1a8;
  color: #5c4a00;
  font-size: 11px;
  font-weight: 500;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.draft-todo {
  position: fixed;
  right: 12px;
  bottom: 12px;
  z-index: 40;
  max-width: 280px;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  border: 1px solid #e3cf6a;
  border-radius: 6px;
  background: #fff8d1;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.1);
  color: #4a3c00;
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}

.draft-todo ol {
  margin: 6px 0 0;
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.draft-todo summary {
  font-weight: 500;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.stat-cards--two {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

/* Small multiples: one compact bar chart per dataset or group. */
.multiples {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 34px 40px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.multiples--2 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.multiples--4 {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 34px 30px;
}

.multiple-head {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 4px 10px;
  align-items: center;
  padding-bottom: 9px;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--viz-grid);
}

.multiple-head strong {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 19px;
  font-weight: 400;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.multiple-head em {
  padding: 2px 9px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--accent-soft);
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-align: right;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.multiple-head span {
  grid-row: 2;
  grid-column: 1;
  min-height: 21px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  line-height: 21px;
}

.multiple-head em {
  grid-row: 2;
  grid-column: 2;
}

.multiple-chart .viz-label {
  font-size: 12px;
}

.multiple-chart .viz-value {
  font-size: 12px;
}

@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .multiples--4 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .multiples,
  .multiples--4 {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 30px 28px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .multiples,
  .multiples--2,
  .multiples--4 {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
}

/* A figure on the warm panel of the headline chart. */
.fig--panel {
  padding: 22px 26px 18px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(120% 90% at 0% 100%, rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.06), transparent 60%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #eee8db 0%, #e8e1d1 100%);
}

.fig--panel .multiple-head {
  border-bottom-color: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.12);
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .fig--panel {
    padding: 18px 16px 14px;
  }
}

.viz-group-label {
  fill: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* Method notes: the qualifiers, small and out of the way. */
.method-notes {
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--viz-grid);
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.method-notes p + p {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.method-notes strong {
  color: var(--ink);
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* ---------- listening examples ---------- */
.ex {
  --spk-A: #3a78a8;
  --spk-B: #c46f37;
  --spk-C: #3a8e69;
  --spk-D: #a5507d;
  --spk-E: #8c7a2a;
  --spk-F: #4f949e;
  --spk-G: #9a5a43;
  --spk-H: #6a64ab;
  --err: #cf4436;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
  height: min(820px, 88vh);
  min-height: 600px;
  margin-top: 26px;
  padding: 18px 22px 14px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(120% 90% at 0% 100%, rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.05), transparent 60%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #eee8db 0%, #e9e2d3 100%);
}

.spk-A { --c: var(--spk-A); }
.spk-B { --c: var(--spk-B); }
.spk-C { --c: var(--spk-C); }
.spk-D { --c: var(--spk-D); }
.spk-E { --c: var(--spk-E); }
.spk-F { --c: var(--spk-F); }
.spk-G { --c: var(--spk-G); }
.spk-H { --c: var(--spk-H); }
.spk-x { --c: #9b968c; }

.ex-head {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 16px;
}

.ex-pick {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 2px 12px;
}

.ex-count {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.ex-select {
  max-width: 100%;
  padding: 0 22px 0 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='10' height='6'%3E%3Cpath d='M1 1l4 4 4-4' fill='none' stroke='%236f6b62' stroke-width='1.4'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") no-repeat right 4px center;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 22px;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  appearance: none;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ex-meta {
  grid-column: 2;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.ex-nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 6px;
}

.ex-arrow {
  width: 32px;
  height: 32px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.16);
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ex-arrow:hover {
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: var(--accent);
}

/* player: play button, waveform, who spoke when and each system's errors on one time axis */
.ex-stage {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px 1fr 74px;
  align-items: start;
  gap: 0 14px;
}

.ex-play {
  position: relative;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  margin-top: 2px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ex-play::before {   /* play triangle; two bars while playing */
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 14px;
  left: 17px;
  border-style: solid;
  border-width: 8px 0 8px 13px;
  border-color: transparent transparent transparent #fff;
}

.ex-play.is-playing::before {
  top: 15px;
  left: 16px;
  width: 4px;
  height: 14px;
  border: 0;
  border-right: 4px solid #fff;
  border-left: 4px solid #fff;
  box-sizing: content-box;
  width: 3px;
}

.ex-play:disabled {
  opacity: 0.35;
  cursor: default;
}

.ex-clock {
  padding-top: 14px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
  text-align: right;
}

.ex-track {
  position: relative;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ex-wave svg {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 48px;
}

.ex-wave-rest { fill: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.2); }
.ex-wave-done { fill: var(--accent); }

.ex-lanes {
  display: grid;
  gap: 5px;
  margin-top: 8px;
}

.ex-lane {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  position: relative;
}

.ex-lane-label {
  position: absolute;
  right: calc(100% + 10px);
  top: -2px;
  line-height: 11px;
  color: var(--c, var(--muted));
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.ex-lane-bar {
  position: relative;
  height: 7px;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.05);
}

.ex-lane-bar i {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: var(--c);
  opacity: 0.8;
}

.ex-lane-err {
  margin-top: 3px;
}

.ex-lane-err:first-of-type,
.ex-lane:not(.ex-lane-err) + .ex-lane-err {
  margin-top: 9px;
}

.ex-lane-err .ex-lane-label {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

.ex-lane-err.is-us .ex-lane-label {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.ex-lane-err .ex-lane-bar {
  height: 10px;
  background: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.04);
}

.ex-lane-err .ex-lane-bar i.ex-tick {
  width: 2px;
  margin-left: -1px;
  border-radius: 1px;
  background: var(--err);
  opacity: 0.85;
}

.ex-lane-val {
  position: absolute;
  left: calc(100% + 14px);
  top: -2px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.ex-lane-err.is-us .ex-lane-val {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

.ex-playhead {
  position: absolute;
  top: -2px;
  bottom: -2px;
  width: 1.5px;
  margin-left: -0.75px;
  background: var(--ink);
  opacity: 0.55;
  pointer-events: none;
}

/* systems to compare: chips with each system's error rate on this clip */
.ex-chips {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding-top: 10px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.1);
}

.ex-chips-label {
  margin-right: 4px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.ex-chip {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.14);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: transparent;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 12px;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ex-chip small {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.ex-chip:hover {
  border-color: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.35);
}

.ex-chip.is-on {
  border-color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
  color: #f3efe6;
}

.ex-chip.is-on small {
  color: rgba(243, 239, 230, 0.7);
}

/* transcripts, side by side, following the audio */
.ex-grid {
  display: grid;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(var(--cols, 3), minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
  min-height: 0;
}

.ex-col {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  min-height: 0;
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

.ex-col.is-us {
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1.5px rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.45);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.ex-col-head {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 10px 14px 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.08);
}

.ex-col-head strong {
  overflow: hidden;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-overflow: ellipsis;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.ex-col.is-us .ex-col-head strong,
.ex-col.is-us .ex-col-score {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.ex-col-score {
  flex: none;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.ex-col-body {
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding: 6px 8px 40px;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
}

.ex-turn {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 20px 1fr;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 5px 6px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background-color 0.2s;
}

.ex-turn:hover {
  background: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.035);
}

.ex-turn.is-now {
  background: rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.07);
}

.ex-who {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 20px;
  height: 20px;
  margin-top: 1px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--c);
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 10px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.ex-text {
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.ex-text .w {
  color: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.5);
  transition: color 0.15s;
}

.ex-text .w.is-heard {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.ex-text .w.sub,
.ex-text .w.ins {
  color: rgba(207, 68, 54, 0.6);
}

.ex-text .w.sub.is-heard,
.ex-text .w.ins.is-heard {
  color: var(--err);
}

.ex-text .w.ins {
  text-decoration: underline dotted;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.ex-text .w.del {
  color: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.3);
  text-decoration: line-through;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.35);
}

.ex-foot {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 11px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.ex-key {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px 14px;
  margin-right: 14px;
}

.ex-key b {
  font-weight: 500;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .ex {
    height: auto;
    min-height: 0;
    padding: 16px 14px 12px;
  }

  .ex-stage {
    grid-template-columns: 40px 1fr;
  }

  .ex-clock {
    display: none;
  }

  .ex-lane-val {
    display: none;
  }

  .ex-grid {   /* swipe between transcripts */
    display: flex;
    overflow-x: auto;
    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .ex-col {
    flex: 0 0 82%;
    height: 380px;
    scroll-snap-align: start;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
  .ex-head {
    position: relative;
  }

  .ex-pick {
    display: block;
    min-width: 0;
    padding-right: 76px;   /* room for the arrows, top right */
  }

  .ex-count {
    display: block;
    line-height: 32px;
  }

  .ex-select {
    width: 100%;
    font-size: 18px;
    white-space: normal;
  }

  .ex-nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
  }

  .ex-chips {   /* one row that scrolls sideways */
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    overflow-x: auto;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }

  .ex-chip,
  .ex-chips-label {
    flex: none;
  }

  .ex-col {
    flex-basis: 86%;
  }
}

@media (max-height: 800px) and (min-width: 861px) {   /* short laptop screens: more room for the transcripts */
  .ex {
    gap: 10px;
    padding-top: 14px;
  }

  .ex-wave svg {
    height: 34px;
  }

  .ex-lanes {
    gap: 3px;
    margin-top: 6px;
  }

  .ex-lane-bar {
    height: 5px;
  }

  .ex-lane-label {
    top: -3px;
    font-size: 9px;
  }

  .ex-lane-err .ex-lane-bar {
    height: 8px;
  }
}

/* clip menu */
.ex-menu {
  position: relative;
  min-width: 0;
}

.ex-select {
  text-align: left;
}

.ex-select:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.ex-menu-list {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 20;
  top: calc(100% + 8px);
  left: -10px;
  width: min(440px, 86vw);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 6px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: #fbf9f4;
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.06), 0 12px 32px rgba(27, 27, 24, 0.16);
  list-style: none;
}

.ex-menu-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  gap: 1px 12px;
  padding: 9px 10px;
  border-radius: 7px;
  cursor: pointer;
  outline: none;
}

.ex-menu-item:hover,
.ex-menu-item:focus {
  background: rgba(76, 58, 145, 0.07);
}

.ex-menu-item[aria-selected="true"] .ex-menu-title {
  color: var(--accent);
}

.ex-menu-title {
  font-family: var(--display);
  font-size: 17px;
}

.ex-menu-meta {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
}

.ex-menu-score {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  grid-column: 2;
  align-self: center;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
}

.ex-menu-score b {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* buttons in the example player use the page's fonts, not the browser's default */
.ex button {
  font-family: inherit;
}

.ex .ex-select {
  font-family: var(--display);
}